Studies in Avian Biology No. 14:71-83, 1990. Allocation of Time and Energy FLEXIBLE TIME BUDGETS IN BREEDING COMMON MURRES: BUFFERS AGAINST VARIABLE PREY ABUNDANCE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. We report on a 4-year study of the relationships between parental behavior of Common Murres (Uris aalge) and the relative abundance of their principal prey, capelin (Mallotus villosus), at Witless Bay, Newfoundland. Capelin comprised 89 % of the prey fed to rnurre chicks. Capelin abun-dance and the density of their schools, measured with hydroacoustic surveys, varied significantly within and between each of the murre’s breeding seasons, by up to IO-fold. Despite this, the feeding rates of chicks (average 0.28 fish chick- ’ h-l) did not vary significantly between years, and were not depressed by intraseasonal capelin variations. Adult murres compensated for periods of low capelin abundance by taking more of other fish, particularly sandlance (Ammodytes sp.), and by spending more time at sea. Chick survival (average 93%) did not vary significantly between years. Chick feeding rates and parental resting time at the colony were not strongly affected by weather, sea conditions or chick age. We suggest hat with moderate prey abundance, variable time budgets of adult murres would buffer the effects of temporal and spatial prey variability so that chick feeding rates would remain relatively constant. Under such conditions chick growth and survival might not reflect food availability. Key Words: Seabird; fish abundance; time budgets; energetics; murre; capelin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".