CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM DECAY OF OSCILLATONS: OSCILLATING SELF-GRAVITATING REAL SCALAR FIELD SOLITONS ∗
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oscillating gravitational field of an oscillaton of finite mass M causes it to lose energy by emitting classical scalar field waves, but at a rate that is non-perturbatively tiny for small µ ≡ GMm/¯hc, where m is the scalar field mass: dM/dt ≈ −3797437.776333 015(c 3 /G)µ −2 e −39.433 795197 160163/µ [1 + O(µ)]. Oscillatons also decay by the quantum process of the annihilation of scalarons into gravitons, which is only perturbatively small in µ, giving by itself dM/dt ≈ −0.008513223934732 692(m 2 c 2 /¯h)µ 5 [1 + O(µ 2)]. Thus the quantum decay is faster than the classical one for µ < ∼ 39.4338/[ln (¯hc/Gm 2)+ 7ln (1/µ)+19.9160]. The time for an oscillaton to decay away completely into free scalarons and gravitons is tdecay ∼ 2¯h 6 c 3 /G 5 m 11 ∼ 10 324 yr(1meV/mc 2) 11. Oscillatons of more than one real scalar field of the same mass generically asymptotically approach a static-geometry U(1) boson star configuration with µ = µ0, at the rate d(GM/c 3)/dt ≈ [(C/µ 4)e −α/µ + Q(m/mPl) 2 µ 3](µ 2 − µ 2 0), with µ0 depending on the magnitudes and relative phases of the oscillating fields, and with the same constants C, α, and Q given numerically above for the single-field case that is equivalent to µ0 = 0. Alberta-Thy-10-03, gr-qc/0310006
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".