Ministry of Environment Lower Mainland Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
provide a greater understanding of the extent, concentrations and possible sources of arsenic in drinking water from private wells in the White Rock-Surrey-Langley area. Elevated arsenic levels have been reported in a number of locations in B.C. in the past few years, and because arsenic is a carcinogen that can cause cancers and other chronic health effects over a lifetime of ingestion, it has become a source of increased concern. Health Canada recently reduced the maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for arsenic from 0.025 to 0.010 mg/L, based on municipal and residential scale treatment achievability and a consideration of the health effects (2006 Guideline for Canadian Drinking Water Quality – GCDWQ). Chronic health effects may be observed after long-term ingestion of lower levels of arsenic in drinking water (Wang and Mulligan, 2006). Health Canada considers arsenic concentrations below 0.0003 mg/L to have essentially negligible1 risk of health effects over a lifetime of exposure. However, arsenic concentrations above 0.0003 mg/L in surface and groundwater wells are recorded in BC, Canada and globally, in natural and untreated spring water. The aim of the project was to determine the spatial extent of arsenic concentrations in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.259 | 0.081 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".