Accepted for publication in EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 2007
Bibliographic record
Abstract
(C/1911 N1) passed by the Sun, ejecting a cloud of dust particles. On September 1, 2007, Earth will encounter this 2000-year old dust, causing a meteor shower known as the Aurigids. The comet returned in 1911, after completing one orbit, but the dust travelled in slightly wider orbits and has been returning ever since, forming a trail of dust particles that usually passes just outside Earth's orbit. Earth encountered this trail of meteoroids in 1935, 1986 and 1994. Earth will again be hosed by meteoroids in 2007 when the combined gravity of our planets moves the trail back into Earth's path. A brief shower of tens of meteors will radiate from the constellation of Auriga, many as bright as the brightest stars on the sky. The Earth will be in the thick of it during the one hour centered on 04:36 a.m. PDT. The shower will be visible by the naked eye from locations in the Western United States, including Hawaii and Alaska, from Mexico, and from the Western provinces of Canada (Figure 1), a region with a population of about 150 million people. The shower is compliments of a dangerous type of comet that remains elusive. Each meteor is a message-in-a-bottle providing insight into the comet's activity at the dawn of Western civilization. Figure 1- Target Earth. Earth as seen from the perspective of the approaching dust
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.542 | 0.316 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".