SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUTE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Auroral activity is a significant concern for reliable operation of GPS positioning applications, at high latitudes. Auroral substorms are characterized by increased spatial and temporal decorrelations of ionospheric range delay. The loss of signal availability can occur during periods of ionospheric scintillations. In recent years, GPS precise positioning applications have been disrupted consistently in Northern Canada – at significant cost to commercial surveying operations. Given the number of GIS, exploration, and construction applications presently relying on GPS in Canada, a significant need exists to develop ionospheric warnings and alerts for the GPS user community. In order to provide timely predictions of the auroral activity, and associated degradations in receiver tracking performance and positioning accuracies, a monitoring technique of the magnitude and extent of the ionospheric effects in Canada and Northern United States is developed. In addition, a real-time ionospheric warning and alert system for GPS users is established. The techniques presented here are based on dual frequency
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.656 | 0.470 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".