INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN "THE INDIAN NEWS " (1954-1982)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The author examines the potential of a Canadian Government newspaper for Indians, The Indian News, as a source for the study of Indian economic development. He distinguishes four phases in the newspaper's coverage of economic development, and suggests that it is helpful to evaluate this evolution within the framework of the development of The Indian News from the status of an Indian Affairs Branch propaganda organ to that of a newspaper controlled by Indians and editorially independent of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. L'auteur étudie la possibilité d'utiliser un journal publié par le gouvernement canadien à l'intention des Indiens, The Indian News, comme source pour l'étude du développement économique indien. Comptant quatre périodes distinctes dans les articles sur le développement économique publiés dans ce journal, l'auteur suggère qu'il serait utile d'examiner cette évolution en tenant compte du développement historique de la publication, à l'origine une voix de propagande contrôlée par la Direction des Affaires indiennes, et maintenant un organe dirigé par les Indiens, indépendant du Ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".