Measurement of Temperature-Induced Deformations in a Large Roof Structure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deformation measurements on man-made structures are important because they provide a check on whether or not the structures are exhibiting safe deformation behaviour. These measurements are especially critical for large structures of unusual design. The roof of the Olympic Speed skating Oval in Calgary, Canada, which is one of the largest concrete space frame structures in the world, is such a structure. This structure experiences temperature-induced deformations because of the exposure to the outside of concrete buttresses which support the perimeter of the roof structure. A measurement scheme, consisting of two epochs of theodolite intersection observations to roof points, was used to measure these deformations. Theoretical temperature-induced deformations were also computed, and actual and theoretical deformations are shown to be in very close agreement. This close agreement between actual and theoretical temperature-induced deformations (which was also shown previously for deformations due to the dead weight load of the roof structure and deformations due to creep and shrinkage of the concrete in the roof beam columns) indicates that the structure is exhibiting a safe deformation behaviour. Preliminary results using a single-station reflectorless total station scheme are presented, and indicate serious distance
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".