Toronto I-lospital, Toronto Ceneral Division.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that surgical incision and othcr noxious perioperative cvents may induce prolongcd changes in central ncurnl function tbat later contribute to postopcrativc pain. Thc present study tcstcd the hypothesis that pstients receiving epidural fentanyl bE&rc incision would have less pain and need fetver analgcsics post operatively than patients receiving thc same dose ofepidural fentanyl afcr incision, Thirty patients (ASA physical status 2) scheduled for clcctive thoracic surg€ry through a posterolateral thoracotomy in cision were randomized to one of two groups of equal size and pro-spectivcly srudied in a double-blind manner. Dpidural catheters were pllccd ric the L2*L3 or L3-L4 interspaces preoperatively, and thc position wss confirmed with lidocaine. Group I received epidural fentanyl (4 pg/kg, in 20 ml nornral saline) bcfore surgical incision, followed by cpidural normal saline (20 ml) infused 15 min after incision. Group 2 reccivcd cpidural normal snline (20 ml) bcfore
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.300 | 0.045 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".