TORONTO REGION CONSERVATION AUTHORITY By
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urban development alters the composition of surface materials by introducing significant areas of asphalt, concrete and other impervious surfaces over previously porous soils. The impervious materials prevent rainfall from soaking into the ground thereby increasing the amount or volume of rainfall that flows into nearby watercourses. In addition the drainage system is enhanced through swales, curbs and gutters, catchbasins and stormsewers such that these flows are drained as quickly as possible to the watercourse. The result is an increase in flow magnitude and duration in the watercourse. This impact is referred to as hydromodification. Commensurate with the change in flow rate and volume, urbanization results in alteration of the physical characteristics and mass of sediments delivered to the watercourse. Following disruption of the soils during the active construction phase, which results in an increase in sediment inputs to the watercourse, the landscape is stabilized as lawns or paved areas are established and the sediment yield declines significantly relative to pre-development agricultural conditions. This impact is referred to as alteration of the sediment-regime. The quality of stormwater runoff is also altered by urban development and the human activities that take place in urban areas which contribute to the pollution of runoff and the resulting degradation of
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.845 | 0.554 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".