RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Lenz et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2012, 12:85
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) have been traditionally classified as either community acquired (CA) or hospital acquired (HA) in origin. However, a third category of healthcareassociated (HCA) community onset disease has been increasingly recognized. The objective of this study was to compare and contrast characteristics of HCA BSI with CABSI and HABSI. Methods: All first episodes of BSI occurring among adults admitted to hospitals in a large health region in Canada during 20002007 were identified from regional databases. Cases were classified using a series of validated algorithms into one of HABSI, HCABSI, or CABSI and compared on a number of epidemiologic, microbiologic, and outcome characteristics. Results: A total of 7,712 patients were included; 2,132 (28%) had HABSI, 2,492 (32%) HCABSI, and 3,088 (40%) had CABSI. Patients with CABSI were significantly younger and less likely to have comorbid medical illnesses than patients with HCABSI or HABSI (p < 0.001). The proportion of cases in males was higher for HABSI (60%; p < 0.001 vs. others) as compared to HCABSI or CABSI (52 % and 54%; p = 0.13). The proportion of cases that had a polymicrobial etiology was significantly lower for CABSI (5.5%; p < 0.001) compared to both HA and HCA (8.6 vs. 8.3%). The median length of stay following BSI diagnosis 15 days for HA, 9 days for HCA, and 8 days for CA (p <
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | high |
| gpt | Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.101 | 0.034 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".