a), “Elections and participation: The meanings of turnout decline,” paper prepared for the annual general meeting of the Canadian
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that the precipitous decline in voting turnout in the 2000 federal election to an historic low is rooted in social and political trends extending well beyond the specific context of that particular election. While there is a natural tendency to attribute the decline to the dominant position of the Liberals, the absence of meaningful party competition in many constituencies, or the lack of appeal of particular political leaders, there are many aspects of the decline which invite us to probe for deeper causes. The drop in turnout has been a prolonged one, falling in each of the last three federal elections – to 70 % in 1993, 67 % in 1997, and finally to 61 % in the 2000 election. Voting turnout has been similarly declining in many other industrialized countries. In the 2001 British election, it dropped even more sharply, to a level (59%) even lower than that observed in Canada. As is seen in table 1, declines of varying magnitude have occurred in many established democracies over the past two decades, with large
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".