The wealth of cities: How risky is our suburbanized residential built environment? (Draft)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper treats the stock of residential units as portfolios of neighbourhood built environments. It describes the frontiers of the portfolios in Toronto and examines their changes between 1991 and 1996. In this paper, I argue that suburbanization has brought about homogenous residential built environments and might have increased the risk of owning a home – an argument that is in contrary to what has been commonly believed: homogeneity has been welcomed by households because it is believed that households can better anticipate changes in the physical condition of the neighbourhood environment and can therefore derive a better sense of control over their housing asset. However, what has been neglected is that homogeneity has also increased the substitutability of nearby units. Increased substitutability implies that any changes in dwelling values can easily affect the value of other dwellings in the neighbourhood. That is, homogeneity might have increased housing values on the one hand, but has at the same time magnified the risk of housing values. 1 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".