Developing Transnational Social Policy:
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The negative impacts of globalization have dominated headlines in recent weeks and years. 1 Concerns include a proliferation of social ills caused by globalization, including increased inequality within and between countries, increased vulnerability to social risks, and greater exclusion from globalization's benefits. At the same time, some argue that nation-states have less capacity to implement effective social policy, raising concerns that welfare state safeguards are eroding and will never be as effective as they once were (Mishra, 1999). In this context, it is important to examine the emergence of social policies that transcend international borders, what we call transnational social policy. To date, relatively little attention has focused on transnational social policy, 2 contributing to a lack of understanding of policy dynamics and impacts. Moreover, our inattention has contributed to a lack of innovation. This paper examines transnational social policy in the context of a proposal for a North American Community Service (NACS) which seeks to place youth from Mexico, the United States, and Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".