Bibliographic record
Abstract
Food irradiation is the process of exposing food to radiant energy in order to reduce or eliminate insect pests, bacteria and other microorganisms, therefore making it safer and more resistant to spoilage. In Canada, for example, spices are irradiated to kill insects. Irradiation may also be used to increase shelf life, by slowing the ripening or sprouting in fresh fruits and vegetables. (Health Canada, 2002) Beef, pork, and other meats sometimes are contaminated by parasitic organisms that may cause disease in humans when ingested. Among these are the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis, the bovine and pork tapeworms Cysticercus bovis and Cysticercus cellulosae, and the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Irradiation is currently the only known method to eliminate E. coli O157:H7 bacteria in raw meat. The technology also significantly reduces levels of Listeria, Salmonella, and Campylobacter on raw product but does not eliminate all bacteria. Irradiated meat or poultry, for example, still requires refrigeration, but would be safe longer than if untreated. (Henkel, 1998; Solomon, 1999)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.256 | 0.127 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".