45 Chapter 3 Arthropods Associated with Livestock Grazing Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The life cycles and biology of the arthropods that affect livestock in Canadian grasslands are reviewed. The blood-feeding dipterous parasite complex consists of members of the families Culicidae, Ceratopogoinidae, Simuliidae, Tabanidae, and Muscidae. Field ectoparasites that affect grazing livestock include several species of ixodid ticks. The blood-feeding dipterous parasite complex and the field ectoparasites consist mainly of native species that were able to readily colonize introduced domestic livestock. A few important species of Muscidae were introduced with livestock, and these species tend to be more specialized. Populations of field ectoparasites and the blood-feeding dipterous complex have responded positively to various environmental perturbations, including irrigation, dam construction, and animal feeding practices. Cultivation may have reduced habitat for some field ectoparasites. Endo- and ectoparasitic arthropods are more specialized and were most likely introduced with their domestic hosts. Populations of these arthropods are affected by host factors such as body temperature, grooming, and immunity. Résumé. Le présent chapitre examine le cycle biologique des arthropodes nuisibles au bétail dans les prairies canadiennes. Le complexe des diptères hématophages se compose de membres de diverses familles: culicidés, cératopogonidés, simulidés, tabanidés et muscidés. Les ectoparasites qui s’attaquent au bétail dans les pâturages comprennent diverses espèces de tiques (ixodidés). Ces diptères hématophages et ces ectoparasites appartiennent
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".