MCCIP ARC SCIENCE REVIEW 2010-11 SALINITY 1 MCCIP ARC Science Review 2010-11
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The salinity of the upper ocean (0-800 m) to the west and north of the UK (Region 8) has been generally increasing since a fresh period in the 1970s. A minimum occurred in the mid 1990s, and present day conditions are saline. The decadal-scale pattern of change around the UK reflects the mean conditions of the North Atlantic. West of the UK the water of the deep ocean (>1000 m) comes from the Labrador Sea and has freshened since 1975. North of the UK, the deep water (800 m) flows from the Nordic Seas; they have freshened since 1950 but have been stable for the last decade. In the northern North Sea (Region 1) the salinity is heavily influenced by inflowing North Atlantic water and has become more saline since the 1970s, though the trend is not as clear. The salinity of the southern North Sea (Region 2) is dominated by river run-off balanced with flow through the Dover Strait and there is no clear trend since the 1970s. The western English Channel (Region 4) is influenced by North Atlantic Water, tidal currents and local weather conditions. There is no discernible long-term trend in over a century of observations, and recent years have been higher than average in salinity. Since the mid-1960s the salinity of the Irish Sea (Region 5) shows no significant long-term
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.118 | 0.092 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".