Bibliographic record
Abstract
Backgrounder: An on-farm comparison of agronomic, economic and consumer attributes of genetically engineered and conventional sweet corn and potatoes in Ontario, Canada, 2000 Katija Blaine and Douglas A. Powell, Dept. Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Genetically engineered (GE) Bt crops were designed to resist insect damage and reduce the need for chemical insecticides. Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, is a soil bacterium that produces a protein that is toxic to certain species of insects. While agricultural biotechnology and more specifically Bt crops have been extensively evaluated in a scientific setting, they have rarely been evaluated in the purchasing environment where consumers and primary producers actually make buying decisions. Canadian surveys have found that most Canadians have heard of biotechnology and many of its applications (Angus Reid Group Inc., 1995). Awareness is greatest with respect to biotechnologys medical applications (Decima Research, 1993; Einsiedel, 1997), and this awareness is increasing (Einsiedel, 2000). Canadians have indicated general concern over the use of biotechnology and
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.302 | 0.092 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".