Techn ica l Annex Analyzing Effects of the U.S. Duties on Canadian Hard
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To examine the effect of the antidumping and countervailing duties on U.S. price, we first derive a price model by relying on the theoretical framework developed by Westcott and Hoffman (1999). In its simplest form this model specifies demand for wheat ( D) as a function of prices in the current ( P) and previous ( 1−tP) periods. Supply of wheat ( S) is a function of prices in the previous period ( 1−tP). Wheat stocks ( SK) are a function of prices ( P). (1) ),, ( 1 EPPfD t− = ; ), ( 1 EPfS t− = ; and), ( EPfSK = (2) 0=− − SKDS where E is a vector of exogenous variables. The market equilibrium condition determines the price of wheat at which supply equals demand plus wheat stocks. In equilibrium, therefore, the price of wheat can be specified as a function of wheat stocks: (3) ), ( ESKfP = The components of supply ( S) include beginning stocks ( BS), production ( PROD), and imports ( M). Major elements of demand (total use) ( D) are domestic
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.158 | 0.025 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".