296 J Psychiatry Neurosci 2009;34(4) © 2009 Canadian Medical Association
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Functional brain imaging studies have demonstrated amygdala and insula hyper-reactivity to probes of social threat in par-ticipants with generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD). The amygdala and insula are known to serve broad functions in emotional pro-cessing, including integration of affective information. However, few studies have examined brain responses in socially anxious partici-pants during general emotional processing. We examined brain response to emotionally evocative images in patients with gSAD and matched healthy controls. Methods: Eleven patients with gSAD who were not taking psychotropic medications and did not have psychi-atric comorbidities and 11 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing blocks of emotion-ally salient (positive, negative, neutral) pictures. Results: Participants with gSAD exhibited enhanced bilateral amygdala and insula reac-tivity to negative (v. neutral) images compared with healthy controls who did not exhibit enhanced reactivity. Within the gSAD group, the extent of amygdala activation was correlated with social anxiety severity, whereas the extent of insula activation was correlated with trait anxiety. Limitations: The small sample size may have limited our ability to detect group differences in other relevant brain regions and in behavioural measures. Conclusion: In addition to prior findings of probes of social information processing, our findings suggest that the amygdala and insula responses are hyper-reactive to general emotional images with negative emotional content and that these brain regions may play divergent roles in their representation of different phenotypes. Research Paper Amygdala and insula response to emotional images in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.214 | 0.034 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".