Searching for Keynes: The Transitory Component in the Evolution of the Public Sector with Application to Canada, 1870-1995
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper has two themes. In the first instance, we are concerned with uncovering the impact of intellectual thought on the practice of economic policy- specifically, the influence of Keynesianism on fiscal policy. Keynes ' idea that national governments can stabilize aggregate economic activity, presented in his General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936), is one of the most important innovations in economic policy thinking of the last century. It is clear that this argument has influenced both macroeconomic theory and popular opinion about what governments can and should do with respect to the business cycle. However, the extent to which Keynesian thinking has actually influenced the course of public policy remains an open question. Since Keynesian stabilization concerns the transitory components of public policy, a “search for Keynes ” requires that policy actions be separated into permanent and transitory components. There is little research on the challenging problem of modelling trend and cycle in the public sector, and this aspect of the paper constitutes a second theme, one that is of interest in its own right. We look for evidence of attempts at Keynesian stabilization in the fiscal policy actions of the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".