Public policy and public health in European Union – Recent developments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Public health policy underwent substantial transformation during the latter half of the 20th century. The first authoritative policy statement that the important determinants of health laid outside health care were in the Lalonde Report from Canada (Lalonde 1974). These ideas were subsequently expressed in the WHO Alma-Ata declaration and were emphasised a year later by the US Surgeon General. Later on several other documents were produced like 'Health for All', 'Health for All in the 21st Century', that emphasised the one constant goal of WHO “that all individuals should achieve their full health potential with the help of different support groups ” (Irvine, Elliott et al. 2006). In Europe following the introduction of specific public health measures into the EU Treaty1, in the 1990s the EU worked on several ‘sectoral ’ health programmes, looking at individual issues such as cancer, communicable diseases and health promotion. In 2000 the Commission adopted a first health strategy which gave rise to the Public Health Programme (2003-2008), setting
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".