Bibliographic record
Abstract
Enteric fever surveillance quarterly report (England, Wales and Northern Ireland): second quarter 2014 This quarterly report summarises the epidemiology of laboratory confirmed cases of typhoid and paratyphoid reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland between April and June 2014. It includes both reference laboratory and some enhanced enteric fever surveillance data; although not all enhanced surveillance data was available for the second quarter of 2014 at the time of publishing. All data for 2014 presented below are provisional; more detailed reports will be produced on an annual basis. More information about enteric fever surveillance, including previous reports, is available on the enhanced enteric fever surveillance page of the HPA legacy website [1]. National summary In the second quarter (Q2) of 2014, 83 laboratory confirmed cases of enteric fever were reported in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (table 1), 12 % lower than the first quarter of 2014 and 30 % below the rolling mean (119) for Q2 2007 to 2014 (figure 1). Of note is the decrease in cases of S. Paratyphi A since 2012 but in the same period S. Typhi has remained at the same level (table 1). Figure 1. Laboratory confirmed cases of enteric fever by organism, England, Wales and Northern Ireland: second quarter 2007-2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.656 | 0.586 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".