Ravallion (2006), ‘Partially Awakened Giants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emergence of China and India on the global economic stage has understandably been the subject of much discussion in international media, business and policy circles. The nearly 9 percent annual rate of real per-capita GDP growth that China has averaged over the last quarter century is unprecedented. And with an average growth rate of GDP per-capita of nearly 4 percent per annum since 1981, India’s “takeoff ” seems less than spectacular only in comparison with China’s. In both countries, this growth has been accompanied by substantial—in the case of China, dramatic—reductions in the aggregate incidence of absolute poverty measured in terms of income or consumption. Figure 6.1 displays these two trends for the two countries over the period from 1981 to 2001.1 The headcount rates of poverty are calculated on as comparable a basis as is currently feasible with the data available. The poverty line is the World Bank’s dollar-a-day global standard of about $32.74 per month at 1993 Purchasing Power Parity. China started this period with the higher poverty rate, but soon overtook India. However, concerns are being expressed about the distributional impacts of the growth processes in both countries. The domestic debate about growth-promoting reforms has become
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".