Spent Lead Shot and the Environment: A Topical Environmental Education Issue for Schoolchildren, Especially Rural Canadians and
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On August 19, 1997, the Canadian Wildlife Service an-nounced that the use of lead shot will be prohibited for the harvesting of migratory game birds, nation-wide, begin-ning on September 1, 1999. This paper presents some use-ful information with respect to the spent lead shot issue, as well as its most common replacement steel, and takes a ho-listic viewpoint. Hands-on activities are introduced that can be used at the elementary or secondary school level. The spent lead shot issue is a topical environmental education issue of particular interest to rural Canadians and Native North Americans for social, cultural, and economic reasons. The non-toxic shotshell issue will remain topical because concerns have been raised about the safety of substitutes, other than steel, with respect to the environment and hu-man health. Résumé Le 19 août 1997, le Service canadien de la faune a annoncé qu’à partir du premier septembre 1999, l’usage des carabines à plomb serait défendu pour la chasse aux oiseaux migratoires, dans les réserves, à travers tout le pays. Cet article présente une information pertinente quant à la controverse des carabines à plomb ainsi qu’à son outil de remplacement, à savoir l’acier. Des activités expérien-tielles pour le primaire et le secondaire sont proposées. La controverse des carabines à plomb est un sujet d’intérêt en éducation relative à l’environnement, plus particulièrement
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".