Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6123 Boundary-layer growth over snow and soil patches: field observations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Much of the snowmelt season is characterized by a patchy surface; differential heating of the snow and snow-free surfaces results in a significant horizontal transport of energy that affects and contributes to the snowmelt. The calculation of the rate of energy advection requires some knowledge of the behaviour of the thermal boundary layer over the patches of snow and snow-free surfaces. We present the results from a series of field observations of the rate of growth of the thermal boundary layer over snow and snow-free patches. The results confirm that the boundary-layer growth can be described by a power function of the distance from the leading edge of the patch. For the case of the thermal boundary layer over a snow patch within a bare field, the boundary-layer growth is affected by the upwind surface roughness; the thermal boundary layer over a snow patch within a ‘rough ’ field grows much more quickly than that in a ‘smooth ’ field. Relationships are derived and presented for the parameterization of the boundary-layer growth as a function of distance and upwind surface roughness. Copyright 2006 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY WORDS boundary layer; advection; snowmelt; sensible heat; snow patches
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it