Bibliographic record
Abstract
exclusive Licence allowing the exc1USiVe pemettant à la National Li'brary of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distriiute or sen reproduire, prêter, disbn'buer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or dectronic formats. la forme de mi&che/nIm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the copWght m this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantid extracts fiom it may be printed or othemÏse reproduced without the author's permission. L'auteur conserve Ia propriété du droit d'auteur qni protège cette thèse. Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son The occurrence ofliquefàdon and instabüity in saturated sands has been investigated under small depamues fiom the undrained coaditim Volumetric defiormations are inevitable in field problems on account ofthe spatiai variations iI: excess pore pressures generated during the earthquake shakuig and their subsequent dissipation atter, considered together with the relatively high permeability of sands. The departwes fiom the undrained mode were sMulated in the Iaboratory by loading sand under the strain path controt, that simulated, not only zero, but amdl finite amount of controiled volumetnc defomations. It is show that the undrauied state of loading nody assumed during earthquake shaking may not represent the most damaging scenarïo with regard to instabüity and fiquefaction for certain initial density and stress states. At a given initiai stress state, the denser sand rnay becorne susceptible to iiquefaction and prone to instabiiity ifrendered partially drained as opposed to when it is completely undrained. For a
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.868 | 0.855 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".