Experimental evidence for the chalcophile behavior of the halogens: Canadian Mineralogist, v
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have investigated the partitioning of F, Cl, Br, and I between coexisting silicate and sulfide liquids at 0.9 to 1.8 GPa pressure and temperatures between 1150 ° and 1450°C, and the partitioning of Cl between Cu- and Ni-rich sulfide liquid and monosulfide solid-solution (mss) at atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 1000 ° and 1100°C. We have calculated Nernst partition coefficients, expressed as wt. % halogen in sulfide divided by wt. % halogen in silicate. F remains undetectable in quenched sulfide liquid under all conditions investigated. There is no discernable change in DClsul/sil, DBrsul/sil and DIsul/sil with temperature. Values of DClsul/sil, DBrsul/sil and DIsul/sil are scattered around means of 0.038, 0.026, and 0.15, respectively. The increase of pressure from 0.9 GPa to 1.8 GPa causes increases in each of DClsul/sil, DBrsul/sil and DIsul/sil by about a factor of 2. Chlorine is moderately incompatible with mss; DClmss/liq varies from 0.09 at 1000°C to 0.19 at 1100°C, indicating that crystalli-zation of mss from sulfide liquid will lead to progressive enrichment of Cl in the residual melt. The melting point of mss in the system Fe–Cu–Ni–S is lowered by the presence of Cl. Our results indicate that the common association of halide minerals with massive sulfide ores, including the deliquescent phase lawrencite, is fully consistent with a purely magmatic origin for the ores. The halogens can be dissolved in sulfide melts, and expelled during final crystallization of the sulfide liquids to form halide minerals within the massive sulfide bodies, or hypersaline fluids when mixed with aqueous fluids in the country rocks. A hall-mark of the orthomagmatic fluid derived from a sulfide magma will be extremely high values of Cl/F and Cl/Br due to the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".