Floristic Indicators For The Origin Of The Shroud Of Turin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minute plant parts and pollen grains were incidentally observed on the Shroud of Turin by Dr. M. Frei in 1973 when he was asked for an opinion by the church about accuracy of earlier photographs (Frei 1982). Applying methods he developed in his forensic investigations, Frei used transparent sticky tapes approximately 5 cm long which he pressed into the linen of the Shroud using pressure of his thumb to assure collecting of small particles for microscopic examination. The location of his sampling sites in 1978 utilized a grid devised by Prof. Baima Bollone and Dr. Aurelio Ghio and is fully documented photographically by Barrie Schwortz (Schwortz 1978 and 1998) and partially in Weaver (1980: p. 750). Comparing the pollen grains he found on the Shroud with pollen grains he obtained from living specimens in Israel, Turkey, Cyprus, France, and Italy, Frei (1982) concluded that the Shroud with its pollen must have originated in the Middle East. His untimely death in 1983 prevent
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".