SYSTEMATIC REVIEW NO. 21 ARE JAPANESE KNOTWEED (FALLOPIA JAPONICA) CONTROL AND
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica*) was first introduced into Britain from Japan in 1825 (Beerling et al., 1994). Originally used as an ornamental or as cattle fodder, the first escape was reported in the late 19 th century, with naturalisation occurring in the early 20 th century (Bond and Turner, 2005). Due to the subsequent spread of this invasive weed, F. japonica is now established alongside railways, canals, rivers and streams, roadsides, and areas of human disturbance such as waste tips. It is widespread in the British Isles, occurring in the south and as far north as the Outer Hebrides and Orkney. The plant has also become a problem in the USA, Canada, * Confusion has arisen over the taxonomy of this species, as it is often referred to by several different specific names, the three most common being Fallopia japonica, Polygonum cuspidatum and Reynoutria japonica (Beerling et al., 1994). Throughout this document, Japanese knotweed will be referred to as F. japonica, as described by Stace (1997).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".