Restricted Fetal Growth and Adult Chronic Disease Kramer Invited Commentary: Association between Restricted Fetal Growth and Adult Chronic Disease: Is It Causal? Is It Important?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
po-box.mcgill.ca). (Correspondence to Dr. Kramer at this address). The article by Leon et al. (1) adds to the large and expand-ing body of literature reporting associations between restricted fetal growth and subsequent adult chronic disease, particularly hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. In view of the long delay between exposure and out-come in these studies, the reported associations are remark-ably robust. Beginning with ecologic studies by Forsdahl (2) in Norway and later by Barker and Osmond (3) in the United Kingdom, subsequent historical and cohort studies from Barker’s group based on individual-level analyses have repli-cated the original findings (4–6). Moreover, the associations have also been confirmed by many different groups of inves-tigators in several countries, including the United Kingdom
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".