Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simon Kuznets, Nobel prize-winning architect, and other pioneers in the field of National Accounting never conceived that Gross National Products could or should serve as a measure of economic or social welfare. Yet real per capita GDP is commonly used as a measure of living standards and hence, economic wellbeing. There is some notion that an increase in GDP is like a rising tide that lifts all boats. The returns generated by an expanding market economy trickles down to benefit all. In a democratic society government policies and programs serve as an added safeguard to ensure equitable sharing of economic resources and sustainable development. Canada enjoys one of the highest GDP per capita in the world as the economy has gone through two decades of relatively uninterrupted low-inflationary growth. Yet when we look at progress from a social wellbeing perspective, we find that there has been almost no overall advance real after-tax income of Canadian families and individuals, problems of low-income persist and there are serious concerns about our health care system, the quality of our environment and the sustainability of our natural resources which continue to play a key role in Canada’s economic development – national, regional and local. 1.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.578 | 0.230 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".