National Comparisons Between Canada and the United
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The victimization of children in school and its mental health consequences have become national problems in both Canada and the United States, with evidence that severe cases of peer victimization might precede and/or be related to posttraumatic stress disorder. This study examines the frequency of victimization in schools, perpetrated by both peers and educators, and the psychological outcomes. The cross-national study included 1007 college/university students from four universities in the US and 210 university students from mid-western Canada. The “Student Alienation and Trauma Scale–Revised ” (SATS–R) measures students ’ negative experiences in school and assesses whether an individual developed PTSD. Overall, Canadian students remembered more victimization in school than US students. For both country samples, the verbal/relational bullying factor was most often identified as a student’s very worst school experience (approximately 40 % for both countries). Both samples had similar rates of PTSD after their very worst school experience with no real differences in the types of symptoms experienced by students after their very worst school experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".