International Business and Economic Integration: Comparative Business Strategies Past and Present
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is no more important global economic public policy today than that of economic integration. In every major region of the world, governments are pushing economic groupings that are common markets or have the potential to become such instruments of economic integration. The European Community (EC) is moving through this year, popularly called EC 92, towards 1 January, 1993, when it should have completed creation of a tariff-free internal market for goods and services. Canada and the United States began a free trade arrangement on 1 January 1989. Mexico and the United States are negotiating a similar pact; Canada has joined these discussions, which may produce a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Caribbean Economic Community (CARICOM) is struggling to build a common external tariff wall. In South America members of the Andean Pact are striving for more cohesive economic integration, while
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.032 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".