Bibliographic record
Abstract
reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. iii Canadian English has two high front vowel phonemes (tense and lax) differing in spectral properties and duration, and, allophonically, Canadian English vowels are considerably longer when preceding voiced consonants than when preceding voiceless consonants. In contrast, Western Japanese has two high front vowel phonemes (long and short), traditionally described as differing in duration only, and allophonic duration differences due to post-vocalic consonant voicing are small. Japanese listeners ’ perception of the English and Japanese vowel contrasts was tested using multidimensional edited speech continua. The English continuum varied in terms of vowel spectral properties, vowel duration, consonant duration, and sentence duration. The Japanese continuum had the same duration properties but no spectral dimension. The Japanese listeners ’ English tense-lax and Japanese long-short categorical boundaries were found to be in the same location. This was consistent with the hypothesis that Japanese listeners assimilate the English tense vowel before a
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.366 | 0.281 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".