The theoretical spectra of g-modes in subdwarf B stars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Observations by Kepler and TESS have revealed a complex situation for the g-modes present in subdwarf B (sdB) stars, which are He-core burning objects having lost most of their envelope on the Red Giant Branch. Some sdB stars exhibit trapped modes interposing in the asymptotic period sequences of regular period spacing, while others do not and have “smoother” pulsation patterns with more regular spacing. In order to clarify the situation, we thoroughly computed the theoretical pulsation spectra of g-modes obtained from several types of our models: firstly, from two types of static (parametric) models having different prescriptions for their chemical and thermal internal structures, and secondly from evolutionary models, which include an original prescription for the treatment of semiconvection. We show that g-mode pulsation spectra and the appearance of trapped modes are highly dependent on the chemical and thermal structures in the models as the star evolves, particularly in the region just above the He-burning core. Depending on the prescriptions and type of models, we observe mainly three types of spectra for mid to high radial-order g-modes (the ones observed in sdB stars): “flat” spectra of nearly constant period spacing; spectra with deep minima of the period spacing interposing between modes with more regular spacing (which correspond to trapped modes); and spectra showing a “wavy” pattern in period spacing. For the two latter cases, we have identified the region where the modes are trapped in the star. Comparison with observations must now be carried out to disentangle the situation and constrain the internal structures of core-He burning stars by asteroseismology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".