Les enjeux de la transition écologique dans le transport maritime - Analyse et perspectives d’évolution du cadre juridique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shipping has a vital role in the functioning of modern societies, having both economic and social functions that extend far beyond the ships themselves. Various terrestrial sectors, essential for ship construction, ship operation, and ship breaking, are involved in this activity. These factors collectively underscore the global significance of shipping. As awareness grows regarding the environmental impact of human activities, shipping has come under scrutiny for the marine and atmospheric pollution it generates. Consequently, there is a need to work on the transition of this industry. However, such a transition implies various challenges, including technical and economic barriers, alongside the imperative to maintain the integrity of the global maritime transport market. These elements complicate efforts to mitigate ship-generated pollution. In this context, maritime law assumes a crucial role. Primarily formulated at the international level, maritime law aims to incentivize or mandate industry stakeholders to reduce their environmental footprint. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) predominantly produces this body of law, with a focus on vessel-related regulations. Maritime law construction must account for the diverse challenges associated with this multifaceted activity. Yet, the examination of existing regulations brings to light certain gaps that hinder the ecological transition of maritime transport. Conversely, some regulations have proven effective in addressing pollution issues. Through a comprehensive analysis of all these regulations, supplemented by regional or national cases, it becomes evident what elements are necessary to craft effective and efficient legislation, and identify pathways for enhancing international maritime law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".