Morphological and molecular data for <i>Leucochloridium (Papilloleucochloridium) pulchrum</i> (Trematoda: Leucochloridiidae) recorded for the first time in Argentina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The members of the genus <i>Leucochloridium</i> (Trematoda, Leucochloridiidae) are cosmopolitan parasites from both the cloaca and bursa of Fabricius of birds, mainly Passeriformes. In South America three species of this genus have been reported: <i>Leucochloridium (Neoleucochloridium) flavum</i> Travassos, 1922 from Brazil and Venezuela, <i>L. (Leucochloridium) parcum</i> Travassos, 1922 and <i>L. (Papilloleucochloridium) pulchrum</i> Fernandes, 1970 from Brazil. No molecular data from leucochloridiids in the Southern hemisphere have been published so far. The aim of this work is to increase the knowledge of the helminth diversity of <i>Jacana jacana</i> in Argentina with a combined morphological and molecular approach. Two specimens of <i>J. jacana</i> were captured in Formosa province, Argentina, and nine digeneans were recovered from the cloaca of one of them. DNA was extracted and the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) was sequenced for two specimens. Digeneans were identified as <i>L. (P.) pulchrum</i> through morphological study. These specimens differed from the original description of <i>L. (P.) pulchrum</i> by the smaller size of testes and the presence of minute spines in the anterior region of the tegument. The most similar CO1 sequences on GenBank are those of <i>Urogonimus macrostomus</i> (Leucochloridiidae) from <i>Passer domesticus</i> in western Canada which differed by a 21% from <i>L. (P.) pulchrum</i>. Our study expands the geographic range of Neotropical <i>Leucochloridium</i> species with both morphological and molecular data that will be useful for future works on regional diversity and life cycles. This finding constitutes the second report of this species since its original description, and the first record of the genus <i>Leucochloridium</i> for Argentina.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".