Bibliographic record
Abstract
Common Mergansers (Mergus merganser) are Holarctic ducks that breed along forested rivers and lakes, generally nesting in tree cavities.˜eir breeding range in North America extends across the forested zones of Canada and Alaska, as well as in the western and northeastern states of the contiguous United States (Dunn and Alderfer 2011).In the eastern U.S. this species regularly breeds south to northern Pennsylvania (Reid 1992).˜ey breed sparingly in Virginia south to Montgomery and Giles counties (Rottenborn and Brinkley 2007, Kessler 2016), with a surge of breeding records in recent years (Beamer and Paisley 2017).˜ere are recent nesting records from three sites in western North Carolina: the Green River in Polk County in 2008 and 2011 (Rhodes and Johnson 2011), the Tuskasegee River in Jackson County in 2016 (Southern 2016), and the Dan River in Stokes County in 2017 (Southern 2017).Two sightings of one or two birds each in early June 2017 in eastern Kentucky (Yandell 2017) add to the growing pattern of breeding season records in the region.In Tennessee Common Mergansers have long been considered to be rare to uncommon migrants and winter residents (Ganier 1933, Robinson 1990).Breeding was unknown in the state until the late 1980's when historical records were found describing a combined total of six egg sets collected in Smith County, Tennessee, from 1896 to 1899 (Ki° 1989, Knight 1989; Table 1).However, since 2014 there have been several late spring and summer records of Common Mergansers from East Tennessee, including one conÿrmed breeding record as well as compelling evidence of breeding from several other locations.Herein I summarize recent breeding season records of Common Merganser in East Tennessee.Little River, near Walland, Blount County.Breeding conÿrmed in 2017;
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.942 | 0.919 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".