Representing France: Dragomans and Negotiating Frenchness in the Eastern Mediterranean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cet article examine la façon dont l’État français a activement travaillé à l’élaboration de sa représentation dans les interactions quotidiennes dans le monde ottoman du XVIIIe siècle. Les principaux personnages étaient les drogmans : agents formés par l’État depuis l'enfance pour servir d'interprètes. Cette étude affirme que la formation et la régulation des drogmans représentent un siècle de négociations de la part de l’État français pour déterminer qui sera le visage de la France et de ses intérêts à l’étranger. Suite à l'arrestation d'un drogman à Alexandrie dans les années 1760 et le déni de son identité par les autorités ottomanes, la France a reconnu la nécessité de clarifier les limites de ce groupe. Ce faisant, les objectifs initiaux de loyauté et de fiabilité sont devenus secondaires par rapport à la nationalité, reléguant les drogmans non français à un statut inférieur permanent, quels que soient leurs états de service.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".