Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acicnemis palliata Pascoe, 1872 Figs 3 E, 4 B, 6 L 1–6, 2, 23 Acicnemis dorsonigrita Voss, 1941, syn. nov. Type material examined (China: 2; Japan: 20: Total: 22). Holotype. Japan: Nagasaki Prefecture: • Nagasaki, Pascoe Coll. 93–60, bears a circular white, red-bordered label reading “ Type H. T. ”, NHMUK 015026632. Paratypes. China • Tienmuschan, bears a red label reading “ Type ” (1 dissected male, NHMB), Acicnemis dorsonigrita type specimen, JHL_ACITAI_010; • Tienmuschan, bears a red label reading “ Cotypus Acicnemis dorsonigrita ” (1, ZMH), ZMH 841827. Non-type material. Japan: Chiba Prefecture: • Ichihara-shi, Kongouuchi, 28. V. 1989, M. Satoshi (2, CMIC), CBM-ZI 159709, CBM-ZI 159710; Ehime Prefecture: • Higashino, Matsuyama-shi, 1–22. VII. 2016, Y. Hisasue (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_484, JHL_AREV_485; Fukuoka Prefecture: • Chikuzen, Kashii, Kusaba Kosen, 5. VI. 1935, Esaki, Hori, Ho, Fujino, Yasumatsu, Nomura & Kawahara (1, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_046; • Mt. Homan, 2. VII. 1978, R. Noda (1 dissected male, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_007; • Nokonosima, 8–29. V. 2005, H. Hirano (2, KUM), JHL_AREV_486, JHL_AREV_487; Fukushima Prefecture: • 1. VII. 2000, K. Takahashi (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_483; • Kaneyama-machi, Okuriyama, 2. VI. 2012, J. Aoki (3, KUM), JHL_AREV_488; • Aizu, Kaneyama, 20–21. VII. 2012, J. Aoki (4, KUM), JHL_AREV_489; Kagawa Prefecture: • Takamatsu-shi, 15. V. 1961, M. Chujo (1, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_051; • Miki-cho, 16. VI. 1961, M. Chujo (1, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_050; • Kinuki-shi, 25. V. 2015, J. Aoki (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_490; • Kita-gun, Hirai-cho, 13. V. 1949, K. Iwata (1, ZMH), ZMH 837201; Nagasaki Prefecture: • Tsushima, Izuhara, 15. V. 1971, H. Irie (1, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_006; Nara Prefecture: • Kasuga, 4. VI. 1961, K. Ueda (1, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_049; Oita Prefecture: • Tsukahara, Yufuin-machi, Yufu-shi, 18. VI. 2016, R. Ito, (1, KUM), JHL_AREV_779; Osaka Prefecture: • Mt. Iwawaki, 18. VI. 1966, H. Kimura (1, KUM), JHL_ACITAI_048. Diagnosis. Body length 6.1–7.0 mm. Covered in pale brown, dark gray, and black scales, with a tan-colored, V-shaped, transverse band across middle of elytra. Pronotum lacking impunctate longitudinal midline (present in A. koguma). Scutellum bordered by pale brown scales, but conspicuously bare and shiny dorsally (Fig. 3 E). Elytra with erect scales only on odd intervals. Sclerolepidia distinct and protruding (Fig. 4 B). Third tarsomeres distinctly emarginate. Pedon with lateral edges approx. parallel in dorsal view, but converging evenly into a blunt, rounded point. Internal sac not visible inside aedeagus, but with a protruding basal structure that bears two hook-like structures anteriorly at the apex that are curved 90 degrees inward (Fig. 6 L 1 – 2). Distribution. This species occurs in Japan (mainland) and China, and has also been reported from South Korea (Park et al. 2009) and the Kuril Islands (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023). Remarks. An examination of the holotype of A. palliata (NHMUK), the holotype of A. dorsonigrita (NHMB), a paratype of A. dorsonigrita (ZMH), as well as comparisons of the original descriptions of these two species revealed that A. dorsonigrita syn. nov. is a junior synonym of A. palliata. In particular, the holotypes of A. palliata and A. dorsonigrita (1) both have scutella which are bare dorsally, bordered by scales around the perimeter (2) are more than 5 mm in length (measured from the apex of the elytra to the base of the rostrum), and (3) bear the same characteristic pattern of scales dorsally. Furthermore, the original descriptions of these species certainly appear to refer to the same species, and notably the body length measurements given for A. palliata (“ 3 lin. ” = 6.25 mm) and A. dorsonigrita (5–5.8 mm) are approximately equal. The much smaller species (at most 4.4 mm) previously referred to as A. dorsonigrita by Morimoto and Miyakawa (1995) is new and is described below as A. squamata.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".