Co-production of a Mixed Abilities Physical Education Curriculum for Youth with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and varying Intersectional Identities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). School-based physical education (PE) can offer innovative and effective ways to enhance PA for youth with IDD. This study utilized an equitable, experientially informed co-production approach to develop a mixed abilities PE curriculum. A consensus-building process, the nominal group technique (NGT), was used to develop curriculum and plans for school implementation. Data were collected from: Special Olympics Ontario (n=1), teachers (n=2), and an educational assistant using interviews. Focus groups were conducted with youth with (=3) and youth without IDD (n=2). Quantitively, data were analyzed through a summing votes and descriptive statistics, and qualitatively through reflexive thematic analysis. Findings were combined with a previous scoping review and interviews to address community needs and merge them with evidence-based practices. Five curriculum units created included: Meaningful Inclusion, Building Body Awareness and Overall Wellness, Team Sports and Cooperation, Fun Fitness, and Celebrating Together. These units reflect the NGT including structural components, such as having a familiar instructor, social outcomes (e.g., building friendships) and having intentional activities to practice co-operation. The units are also informed by a previous scoping review and interviews including assigning group roles, being active in a variety of environments, and using validated fitness measures. Implementation strategies for future school delivery include adequate staff to support activities, staff and student buy-in, and having adapted equipment. This research demonstrates a practical strategy for co-producing PE curriculum to enhance school-based PA among youth with IDD and varying intersectional identities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Other design | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".