Phenasurya Marathe & Maddison 2025, gen. nov.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenasurya Marathe & Maddison gen. nov. Type species. Phenasurya daeng sp. nov., by monotypy. Etymology. The genus name Phenasurya is derived from the Greek “phen-”, referring to appearance, and the Thai “Surya”, referring to the sun. This alludes to the face of this elegant spider, red like the setting sun. Remarks. Phenasurya daeng is recovered as sister to cf. Colopsus (sensu Lin et al. 2024; Marathe et al. 2024 c) and Pancorius: (P. daeng, (cf. Colopsus, (P. dentichelis, P. petoti ))) (Figs 1, 2). Although P. daeng clusters near Pancorius and cf. Colopsus — both of which possess palps with a strongly sclerotised, thin embolus and an epigyne with distinctive ECPs — P. daeng exhibits markedly different genitalic morphology, including a male palp with an unsclerotised, jasmine-flower-bud-shaped embolus and an epigyne lacking distinctive ECPs. Consequently, P. daeng cannot be assigned to either Colopsus or Pancorius without synonymizing the two genera or, if included in one of them, rendering that genus paraphyletic. Therefore, the establishment of a new genus to accommodate P. daeng is justified, as it preserves the validity of both Colopsus and Pancorius and maintains the monophyly of each genus. Diagnosis. Unique among plexippines in possessing a relatively lightly sclerotised embolus resembling a jasmine flower bud — broad at the base and gradually tapering to a blunt tip. The embolus arises terminally from an ovoid, bulky tegulum with a lobe, extends retrolaterally, and terminates distally. In contrast, its close relatives cf. Colopsus and Pancorius typically have a highly sclerotised, longer, thinner embolus on a round tegulum. The female epigyne also distinguishes Phenasurya from these genera: Phenasurya lacks distinctive ECPs, bearing instead a shallow medial notch at the epigastric furrow, whereas cf. Colopsus and Pancorius have distinctly divided ECPs positioned slightly anterior to the epigastric furrow. The body markings of Phenasurya recall some Asian Evarcha (e. g., E. bulbosa Żabka, 1985) as well as smaller, red-faced African Evarcha (e. g., E. culicivora Wesołowska & Jackson, 2003). However, the red face of Phenasurya is absent in Asian Evarcha, and the epigyne clearly separates the genera: Phenasurya lacks ECPs, whereas Evarcha has distinctly divided ECPs. The male palp of Phenasurya also differs from that of African Evarcha, which typically has a well-sclerotised, much longer, thinner embolus and a bifurcated RTA. The carapace markings may resemble those of Burmattus, but the male palp readily distinguishes the two. Burmattus has a highly sclerotised, curved cutlass-like embolus, a roundish tegulum lacking a distinctive lobe, a retrolateral cymbial groove, and a long, dorsally curved RTA. In addition, unlike Phenasurya, Burmattus bears a distinctive ECP positioned anteriorly and away from the epigastric furrow. The body markings and male embolus of Phenasurya also resemble those of the unrelated salticine genus Carrhotus, particularly C. qingzhaoae and C. taprobanicus. However, in Phenasurya the embolus emerges prolaterally, leaning retrolaterally from a well-defined tegulum, whereas in Carrhotus the embolus is placed medially, on a somewhat irregular tegulum, giving the appearance of a candle flame (embolus) atop a candle (tegulum). The abdominal pattern also differs: Phenasurya has a simple medial band, while Carrhotus typically bears spotty abdominal markings. Description. Because this is a monotypic genus, the species description also applies to Phenasurya; see below.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".