Towards Sustainable Development of Nigerian Children in the 21st Century: The Descriptive Analysis of the Influence of the 4CS Skills on Pupils Learning Outcome in Oyo Metropolis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the 4Cs skills (critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration) on pupils' learning outcomes in Oyo Metropolis, Nigeria. The 21st century demands a new set of skills to ensure sustainable development. The 4Cs skills are essential for navigating the complexities of the modern world and preparing individuals for future challenges. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study collected data from primary school teachers in Oyo Metropolis. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 primary school teachers. Four self-designed instruments were used to elicit data from the respondents. The validity of the instruments was ascertained using experts in the early childhood education while the reliability of the instruments was calculated using Cronbach alpha reliability technique and the reliability index of 0.78, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.80 were calculated for ICT5SPLOQ, ICTPLOQ, ICTSPLOQ and ICTSPLOQ respectively. The findings revealed that the influence of critical thinking skills on pupils learning outcome is positive (WA = 3.51), the influence of creativity skills on pupils learning outcome is positive (WA = 2.92), the influence of communication Skills on pupils learning outcome (WA =3.04) and lastly the influence of collaboration skills on pupils learning outcome is positive (WA = 3.15). The implications of these findings for educational policy and practice in Nigeria are discussed. The study suggests that schools should prioritize the development of 4Cs skills through innovative teaching methods and curriculum design. Additionally, there is a need for increased investment in teacher training to equip educators with the necessary skills to foster these competencies in their students. By focusing on the 4Cs skills, Nigeria can equip its children with the tools they need to thrive in the 21st century and contribute to a sustainable future.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".