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Record W7105808058 · doi:10.60787/eaued-jms.vol1no2.20

Towards Sustainable Development of Nigerian Children in the 21st Century: The Descriptive Analysis of the Influence of the 4CS Skills on Pupils Learning Outcome in Oyo Metropolis

2025· article· en· W7105808058 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAfrischolar Discovery · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAfrican Education and Politics
Canadian institutionsEducation and Early Childhood Development
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCronbach's alphaCurriculumDescriptive statisticsCreativityOutcome (game theory)Simple random sampleData collectionSkills managementLife skills

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study investigates the impact of the 4Cs skills (critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration) on pupils' learning outcomes in Oyo Metropolis, Nigeria. The 21st century demands a new set of skills to ensure sustainable development. The 4Cs skills are essential for navigating the complexities of the modern world and preparing individuals for future challenges. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study collected data from primary school teachers in Oyo Metropolis. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 primary school teachers. Four self-designed instruments were used to elicit data from the respondents. The validity of the instruments was ascertained using experts in the early childhood education while the reliability of the instruments was calculated using Cronbach alpha reliability technique and the reliability index of 0.78, 0.81, 0.78 and 0.80 were calculated for ICT5SPLOQ, ICTPLOQ, ICTSPLOQ and ICTSPLOQ respectively. The findings revealed that the influence of critical thinking skills on pupils learning outcome is positive (WA = 3.51), the influence of creativity skills on pupils learning outcome is positive (WA = 2.92), the influence of communication Skills on pupils learning outcome (WA =3.04) and lastly the influence of collaboration skills on pupils learning outcome is positive (WA = 3.15). The implications of these findings for educational policy and practice in Nigeria are discussed. The study suggests that schools should prioritize the development of 4Cs skills through innovative teaching methods and curriculum design. Additionally, there is a need for increased investment in teacher training to equip educators with the necessary skills to foster these competencies in their students. By focusing on the 4Cs skills, Nigeria can equip its children with the tools they need to thrive in the 21st century and contribute to a sustainable future.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.145
Threshold uncertainty score0.994

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.004
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.301
Teacher spread0.290 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it