Regulatory Mandates and Gender Diversity in Corporate Boards: The Family Firm Effect
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regulatory mandates by various governments on women representation on company boards play an important role in fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG-5 on gender equality) adopted by the members of the United Nations. In this article, we explore the heterogeneity in firm responses to such a regulatory mandate introduced by the Indian government in 2014. We propose that, driven by the need to build legitimacy among stakeholders, family firms are more likely to comply with the mandate when compared to non-family firms. However, driven by considerations to leverage women family members and minimise board independence, family firms are more likely to appoint a woman executive director. Within a sample of family firms, this behaviour is more likely among standalone firms when compared to family business group firms. We find supportive evidence in a sample of 1,507 publicly listed Indian firms over a five-year period, comprising pre- and post-regulation years.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it