Powerlessness of the Retrograde Mars, or Can States with Declining Military Be Successful? Review of: Oleksii Sokyrko. Kozatsʹkyĭ Mars. Derzhava ta viĭsʹko Kozatsʹkoho Hetʹmanatu v dobu Militarnoї revoliutsiї, 1648–1764. Kyiv: Tempora 2023, 912 s.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DOI: 10.47632/2786-717X-2025-4-237-248 Як цитувати: Віктор Горобець, Безсилля ретроградного Марса, або Чи можуть бути успішними держави, в яких занепадає військо? Рецензія на: Олексій Сокирко. Козацький Марс. Держава та військо Козацького Гетьманату в добу Мілітарної революції, 1648–1764. Київ: Темпора 2023, 912 с., Ukrainian Historical Review / Український історичний огляд, ІV | 2025, 237–248. References Frost, Robert. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the ‘Military Revolution’ // Poland and Europe: Historical Dimensions. Selected Essays from the Fiftieth Anniversary International Congress of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America, vol. 1 (East European Monographs). New York 1994, p. 19–47. Frost, Robert. W sprawie zachodniej techniki wojennej w okresie wojen północnych // Między zachodem a wschodem. Studia z dziejów Rzeczypospolitej w epoce nowożytnej / red. J. Staszewski, K. Mikulski, J. Dumanowski. Toruń 2002, s. 293–300. Hal, Bohdan. Revoliutsiia, iaka vidbulasia deinde [Rets. na kn.: Sokyrko O. Kozatsʹkyĭ Mars. Derzhava ta viĭsʹko Kozatsʹkoho Hetʹmanatu v dobu Militarnoї revoliutsiї, 1648–1764. Kyiv: Tempora, 2023. 912 s.] // Ukrainskyi istorychnyi zhurnal (2025/1) 264–269. Horobets, Viktor. Colonel of the Zaporozhian Host: The Right to Free Elections in Light of Cossack Traditions, Prescribed Regulations, and Political Realities // Eighteenth-Century Ukraine. New Perspectives on Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History / ed. by Zenon E. Kohut, Volodymyr Sklokin and Frank E. Sysyn. Montreal 2023, р. 219–246. Horobets, Viktor. Modeli sotsialʹnoho i politychnoho oblashtuvannia kozatsʹkoї derzhavy za Konstytutsiieiu 1710 r.: iak viziia maĭbutnʹoho koreliuvalasʹ iz mynulym i tohochassiam Hetʹmanatu? // Pylyp Orlyk i sprava mazepyntsiv: intelektualʹni, politychni ta viĭsʹkovi konteksty: Materialy mizhnarodnoї naukovo-praktychnoї konferentsiї do 350-littia narodzhennia Pylypa Orlyka, Kyiv, 15–16 hrudnia 2022 r. / red. V. Smolii. Kyiv 2024, s. 8–28. Horobets, Viktor. Vybornistʹ starshyny iak polityko-kulʹturna tsinnistʹ i marker avtonomiї kozatsʹkoho Hetʹmanatu // Roczniki Humanistyczne 70/2 (2022) 25–39. Kondratiev, Ihor. Sokyrko O. Kozatsʹkyĭ Mars. Derzhava ta viĭsʹko Kozatsʹkoho Hetʹmanatu v dobu Militarnoї revoliutsiї. 1648–1764. Kyiv: Tempora, 2023. 912 s. // Siveriansʹkyĭ litopys (2024/3) 167–169. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Artyleriia kozatsʹkoї derzhavy: stvorennia, rozvytok, vnutrishnia orhanizatsiia (1648–1781 rr.) // Ukraїnsʹkyĭ istorychnyĭ zhurnal (2012/4) 35–51. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Kantseliariia ta arkhiv Heneralʹnoї artyleriї Hetʹmanshchyny seredyny XVII – kintsia XVIII st. // Kyїvsʹka starovyna (2012/2) 38–50. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Kozatsʹke viĭsʹko pid prytsilom modernizatsiї // Sotsium: Alʹmanakh sotsialʹnoi istoriї 2 (2003) 101–116. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Lytsari druhoho sortu. Naĭmane viĭsʹko Livoberezhnoї Hetʹmanshchyny 1669–1726 rr. Kyiv 2006. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Military Reforms during the Hetmancy of Kyrylo Rozumovsʹkyi, 1750–64 // Eighteenth-Century Ukraine. New Perspectives on Social, Cultural, and Intellectual History / ed. by Zenon E. Kohut, Volodymyr Sklokin and Frank E. Sysyn. Montreal 2023, p. 247–276. Sokyrko, Oleksij. Rzeczpospolita szlachecka i rzeczpospolita kozacka: wojskowo-polityczne paralele od połowy XVII do końca XVIII stulecia // Polsko-Ukraińska Współpraca Wojskowa na Przestrzeni Dziejów. Oświęcim 2018, s. 65–84. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Skhidna Ievropa i kontsept «militarnoї revoliutsiї»: istoriohrafichni zauvahy // Ievropeisʹki istorychni studiї 9 (2018) 127–144. Sokyrko, Oleksii. Ustroievi reformy hetʹmana Kyryla Rozumovsʹkoho ta pochatok kintsia Kozatsʹkoho Hetʹmanatu // Studia i materiały z historii nowożytnej i najnowszej Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej / red. T. Kargol, W. Michałowski, t. 1. Kraków – Kijów 2020, s. 113–132.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".