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Record W7106634211 · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.10.196

A Comparative Study to Feature Selection for Network Security, By using Deep Learning as an Embedded Model

2025· article· en· W7106634211 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueProcedia Computer Science · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSpam and Phishing Detection
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec à RimouskiHEC MontréalUniversité du Québec à Montréal
FundersUniversité du Québec à Rimouski
KeywordsSingular value decompositionBenchmark (surveying)Feature selectionDeep learningPrincipal component analysisCurse of dimensionalityFeature (linguistics)Component (thermodynamics)Selection (genetic algorithm)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Feature Selection is a Data Mining technique used to reduce space dimensionality by removing irrelevant, redundant, or noisy features. This paper addresses the increasingly encountered challenge of Feature Selection. We provide a comparative study to Feature Selection for Spam detection. Two Embedded models are performed using Principal Component Analysis, and Truncated Singular Value Decomposition. This benchmark is designed to evaluate the learning performance in terms of training time and recognition accuracy. Experimental Results show that the Embedded Deep Learning model based on Truncated Singular Value Decomposition gives good results in comparison to Principal Component Analysis.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScholarly communication
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.486
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.319
Teacher spread0.299 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it