Bibliographic record
Abstract
43. Acalypha richardiana Baill. Adansonia, recueil d’observations botaniques 1: 268 (Baillon 1861).— Type: Comoros. Mohéli, “ Île Mohilla ”, s.d., M. Richard 287 (lecto-, designated by Montero Muñoz et al. [2018a: 108]: P [P04779566]; isolecto-, P [P04779562, P04779564, P04779565]). — Former syntypes: Madagascar. s.l., s.d., M. Richard 544 (P [P04779563]). — Mayotte. s.l., s.d., L. H. Boivin 3373 (GDC [G00324505], P [P00196299, P00196300], W [WRchb. 1889-0166704]). Acalypha ovalifolia Baill., Adansonia, recueil d’observations botaniques 1: 269 (Baillon 1861). — Acalypha reticulata var. ovalifolia (Baill.) Müll.Arg., Linnaea 34: 32 (Müller Argoviensis 1865). — Acalypha filiformis var. ovalifolia (Baill.) Govaerts, World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 62 (Govaerts et al. 2000). — Type: Mayotte. XI.1848, L. H. Boivin 3372 (holo-, P[P00196298]). ICONOGRAPHY. — Fig. 65G. ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet honors French botanist Jean Michel Claude Richard (1787-1868). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Endemic to the Comoros Archipelago (Anjouan, Moheli and Mayotte). Dry forest and secondary forest. Altitudinal range 20-680 m (Fig. 64). PRELIMINARY CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — Acalypha richardiana is only known from the Comoros. Its EOO is estimated to be 4 395 km 2 and its AOO 36 km 2, which is less than the 500 km 2 threshold of the B2 subcriterion of the Endangered category (see assessment of A. chibomboa from Comoros). We predict that ongoing habitat loss and the impact of alien species in this archipelago will cause continued decline of its EOO and AOO, so A. richardiana is assessed as Endangered (EN): EN B1ab(i,iii,iv) + B2ab(ii,iii,iv). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 15 collections. Comoros Archipelago. Barthelat, F. 680 (P[P00273174, P00273175]), 1163 (P[P00437836]); Boivin, L.H. 3372 (P[P00196298]), 3373 (G[G00034250, G00324505], P[P00196299, P00196300, P02712256, P02712257], W[WRchb.1889-0166704]), s.n. (P[P00196291]); d’Alleizette,Ch. s.n. (L[L0242103]); Hildebrandt, J.M. 1661 (BREM[BREM_0001789], L[L0242104], P[P00635340]); Labat, J.-N. 2908 (P[P00078905]); Pascal, O. 954 (P[P00144572]); Richard, M. 224 (P[P04779560, P04779561]), 287 (P[P04779562, P04779564, P04779565, P04779566]), 544 (P[P04779563]), s.n. (P[P00196297]); Rouhan, G. 845 (P[P00684849]); Tinguy, H. 1001 (P[P00144571]). REFERENCES. — Müller Argoviensis (1866: 852 as A. reticulata var. ovalifolia, 855); Baillon (1892: 1004); Palacký (1907: 25 as A. ovalifolia, 26); Voeltzkow (1917: 447); Pax & Hoffmann (1924: 127); Leandri (1942: 272); Govaerts et al. (2000: 62, 85, 105); Montero Muñoz et al. (2018a: 109). DESCRIPTION Shrubs, leaf persistence unknown, to 2 m tall, monoecious. Branches densely pubescent with simple, short, curved trichomes, glabrous when mature. Axillary buds spherical, to 1 mm diameter, perulate, perules 2, valvate, membranous, brownish, pubescent with simple, short trichomes. Stipules to 6 mm long, linear, sparsely hairy. Petioles 2-6(-9) cm long, indumentum similar to that on young branches. Leaf blades 7-13.5 × 2-7.5 cm, ovate-lanceolate, membranous; base rounded to truncate; apex acute to acuminate, acumen to 15 mm long, rounded, mucronate; margin crenate to crenate-dentate, slightly revolute, teeth rounded; upper surface laxly pubescent with simple, short, trichomes, denser on veins, glabrescent; lower surface subvelutinous, glabrescent; venation actinodromous, basal veins 3 or 5, secondary veins 5-8 per side. Stipels glandular, to 0.2 mm long, sparsely hairy. Inflorescences spiciform, androgynous, and sometimes solitary female bracts, axillary. Androgynous inflorescences to 6 cm long, mostly male with 1 female bract; peduncle to 2.5 mm long, it and rachis sparsely hairy. Female segment: bract 1, sessile, enlarging in fruit to 7 × 6 mm, suborbicular, pubescent; margin usually subentire, sometimes slightly crenate, with some sessile glands; bracteoles absent. Male segment persistent, filiform, laxly flowered, to 5.5 cm long; flowers glomerate; bracts to 0.8 mm long, triangular, sparsely hairy and ciliate. Solitary female bracts sessile, similar to those of androgynous inflorescences. Male flowers: pedicel to 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds to 0.5 mm diameter, sparsely hairy. Female flowers 1-2 per bract, sessile; sepals 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular, glabrous, margin with some sessile glands; ovary c. 1 mm diameter, 3-lobed, apparently smooth, surface densely hispid with hyaline trichomes to 1 mm long; styles 3, to 4 mm long, distinct, sparsely hairy, each divided into 10-12 segments. Allomorphic flowers sometimes present, axillary; pedicel filiform, to 19 mm long, pubescent with simple, short, curved trichomes; sepals 3, to 0.5 mm long, triangular, ciliate and with some sessile glands; ovary 1-lobed, to 1 mm diameter, echinate, pubescent with simple, flattened trichomes; style 1, to 3 mm long, sparsely hairy. Capsules to 2 mm diameter, papillose-hispid, papillae acute, to 0.5 mm long, surface pubescent with simple, short trichomes. Seeds c. 1.5 mm diameter, subglobose, minutely foveolate. NOTE The specimens indicated as isolectotypes do not have Richard’s original labels. They instead have labels with Baillon’s handwriting giving the location as “ Madagascar ”. We believe that the correct location is the one indicated on the selected lectotype, “Île Mohilla” (currently named Mohéli), in the Comoros Archipelago. A search of specimens at P showed that Richard’s collections numbered 284-286, 288, 290, 291 and 293 are also from Mohéli (289 has no locality and 292 is not listed). Richard 544 has an apparently original label showing the locality only as “ Madagascar.” Collections at P with nearby numbers are labelled as being from either “Nord de Madagascar ” or “Île Nos-bé” (now Nossi-bé), so this collection could be from northern Madagascar, although we have seen no other specimens from outside the Comoros Archipelago.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".