Interplay of particle size distribution and relative density in cyclic liquefaction resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the interplay of particle size distribution and relative density on the cyclic liquefaction resistance of sands using three-dimensional discrete element method simulations. Assemblies with varying coefficients of uniformity ( C u ) were prepared at two relative densities and underwent constant volume cyclic shearing at the same cyclic stress ratios until initial liquefaction. Results show a non-monotonic relationship between C u and liquefaction resistance: an initial increase in resistance with increasing C u , followed by a decrease beyond a critical C u value, consistently observed at both relative densities. Micromechanical analyses demonstrate that this trend correlates with the rate of decline of the mechanical coordination number during the pre-liquefaction phase. A power-law relationship is established between the cyclic resistance and the rate of coordination number reduction, providing insight into the underlying fabric evolution mechanisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".