Framework for Time-Dependent Reliability of GFRP-RC Slab-on-Girder Bridge Decks under Freeze–Thaw and Creep Rupture Effects: Application for Sustainable Designs in Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a framework to conduct time-dependent reliability analysis of tension- and compression-controlled flexural design of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP)-reinforced concrete (RC) slab-on-girder bridge decks. The framework accounts for the cumulative damage in the resistance model through concrete compressive strength degradation due to the freeze–thaw effect and GFRP tensile strength degradation due to creep rupture. It also incorporates site-specific damage parameters and weigh-in-motion (WIM) data. The framework was applied to assess the reliability of in-service bridge decks in Nova Scotia, Canada, and propose alternative designs to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using site-specific WIM data and test results of aged GFRP concrete bending members. Analysis results showed that bridge decks designed using a concrete compressive strength of 35 MPa can yield a design lifetime reliability index greater than 3.5 and a 20% reduction in the GHG emissions compared with bridge decks designed using a concrete compressive strength of 45 MPa. The research findings were utilized by the Nova Scotia Department of Public Works for the design of new bridge decks in the province.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".