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Record W7108623925 · doi:10.71889/5fylantbak.30788759

Public Servants "Serving" Themselves: Occupational Fraud In Government

2017· article· W7108623925 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueAppalachian State University · 2017
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicPublic Policy and Administration Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEmbezzlementGovernment (linguistics)MisconductClientelismHouse of CommonsSubject (documents)Government Office

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

From 1990 to 2012, Rita Crundwell committed the largest municipal embezzlement in U.S. history, stealing more than $53 million from the city of Dixon, Illinois. As city comptroller and treasurer, she secretly opened a bank account in the name of Dixon that only she controlled. Crundwell transferred money from city bank accounts into her illegitimate account, concealing the movement through fictitious invoices she submitted to the city. She used the money to finance a lavish lifestyle that included multiple residences, numerous vehicles, jewelry, and multiple horse-farming operations for her championship show horses. After another city employee accidentally discovered the secret account, Crundwell admitted her guilt and received a 20-year sentence. Crundwell’s fraud was alarming, audacious, and attention-getting — enough to be the subject of television episodes (such as CNBC’s American Greed and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s The Fifth Estate) and a documentary movie (All the Queen’s Horses). However, it was not an isolated event. Occupational fraud in government is such a common occurrence that it should be a major concern to all government organizations and constituents.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Scholarly communication, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.366
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0040.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0020.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.127
GPT teacher head0.344
Teacher spread0.218 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it